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In Vitro Skin Sensitization [Human Cell Line (U937-U-SENS) Activation Test (h-CLAT)] (OECD 442E) The Human Cell Line Activation Test (h-CLAT) is another promising in vitro method for predicting skin sensitization potential, addressing the third key event in the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP): dendritic cell activation. As with the other assays you mentioned, it offers an alternative […]

Study Design of In Vitro Skin Sensitization – ARE-Nrf2 Luciferase Test Method [KeratinoSens] (OECD 442D) The KeratinoSens assay is a cell-based reporter gene assay that models the second key event in the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) for dermal sensitization: keratinocyte activation. It measures the induction of a stably transfected luciferase gene under the control of the

Study Design of In Vitro Skin Sensitization [Dermal Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA)] (OECD 442C) The Dermal Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) is an in chemico assay used to assess the skin sensitization potential of chemicals. It is based on the principle that skin sensitizers can react with nucleophilic amino acid residues, such as cysteine and lysine, in skin

Study Design of EpiSkin-In Vitro Skin Irritation (OECD 439) The EpiSkin-In Vitro Skin Irritation Test, based on the OECD Guideline 439, is another validated alternative to animal testing for assessing the irritating potential of chemicals and mixtures. It utilizes reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models, such as EpiSkin™, to predict their ability to cause transient and

Study Design of In Vitro Eye Irritation [Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) Test] (OECD 437) The In Vitro Eye Irritation Test using the Bovine Corneal Opacity and Permeability (BCOP) method, outlined in OECD Guideline 437, is an alternative to animal testing for assessing the eye irritation potential of chemicals and mixtures. Here’s a breakdown

Study Design of EpiSkin-In Vitro Skin Corrosion (OECD 431) The EpiSkin-In Vitro Skin Corrosion Test, based on the OECD Guideline 431, is a validated, non-animal alternative for assessing the corrosive potential of chemicals and mixtures. It utilizes reconstructed human epidermis (RhE) models, like EpiSkin™, to predict their ability to cause irreversible damage to the skin,

Study Design of In Vitro Skin Absorption: Franz Cell Diffusion Assay (OECD 428) The Franz Cell Diffusion Assay (OECD 428) is a well-established and standardized in vitro method for assessing the percutaneous absorption of chemicals through human skin. It mimics the passive diffusion of chemicals across the skin barrier into the bloodstream, simulating real-life exposure scenarios.   Here’s an overview of

In Vitro Cytotoxicity in Balb/c 3T3 LD50 (OECD 129) The in vitro cytotoxicity assay in Balb/c 3T3 cells with an LD50 endpoint (OECD 129) is a test method used to determine the cytotoxic potential of chemicals towards mammalian cells. This information can be helpful for hazard identification and initial risk assessment, particularly in the context of acute oral toxicity